Music Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

About Michael Jackson Introduction Michael Jackson was born in August 1958 in a place called Indiana; a middle class family. His father was a guitarist with a great liking for music yet worked as a crane operator so as to fend for his family. He had much hope in his sons that he encouraged them to get in to music. Three brothers were the first to kick off the music careers for the Jackson family. Michael soon joined his brothers as their lead singer at the age of five. Michael exhibited immense talent in his performances, he left many in awe; he was a talented performer. The young boy could even convey deep and complex emotions, a task that would have been deemed tough for a kid of his age. The group now had five members after Marlon joined them. Jackson Senior always pushed his sons to better their musical talents. His passion for music was ecstatic to the extent of drilling his sons hard; he would be so harsh on them when they seemed to lag behind in practice. Jackson 5 s tarted their musical accent by performing local gigs; they later gained prominence leading to call ups in various gigs outside their home area. Their first two singles did not fair well, but this did not drown their spirits. (Sullivan, 2012) The Jackson 5 got call ups to perform alongside singers like Gladys Knight, James Brown, and the Pips among other musicians of that time. Most musicians they performed alongside were signed by the Famous music label called Motown Records. There were rumors that Gladys Knight passed the information about Jackson 5 to owners of Motown Records; who started to take an interest in the group`s performance. Mr. Gordy decided to sign them in to his group in the year 1968. Michael Jackson and his siblings moved to Los Angeles where they decided to concentrate on their musical careers. In Los Angeles, they lived in the same house with Gordy and the female music sensation named Diana Ross. The Jacksons received a formal introduction in to the music indu stry when they were called upon to perform as the opening act for a group called the Supremes. They quickly produced their first album whose first single topped the charts in 1970. (Henning, 2009) At the age of thirteen, Michael was now chatting his solo career alongside his performance with his siblings. He was among top performers in the year 1971. In 1972, he performed a song called ‘Ben’ which topped the charts same year. The group maintained a busy schedule for several years, Gordy wrote most of the songs the group performed and preferred Michael as their lead solo. Popularity of the group was at an all time high that they had a cartoon show dedicated to them; it was aired from 1971 to 1973. Tensions began to build between the group and their producers; their father disliked the way Gordy managed his sons. The boys left Motown in the year 1975, they felt they had come of age and could better manage themselves without Gordy`s intervention. (Sullivan, 2012) Mic hael`s album grossed over a million copies in sales, seven songs in the album got to the top ten charts. Michael was now growing in stature as a solo act; he was becoming an accomplished musician. Jackson performed another hit called ‘Billie Jean’ as a remembrance of Motown Records, their former producer. He got interested in choreographing his dances and performances; this culminated in to the hit song called ‘Thriller’ where he introduced his famous dance move ‘the moonwalker’. This video excited the world due to its complexity and creativity; the song stayed in the charts for about 38 weeks. The song received about twelve Grammy nominations but managed to bag eight awards which was a great fete in those days. (Henning, 2009) The number of awards that the maestro bagged for his performances was also an indication of his diverse abilities. His creativity and innovation got him a $ 5 million endorsement with Pepsi, a beverage manufacturer in America. He suffered serious injuries while filming an advert for the beverage maker; scalp, as well as facial injuries. Plastic surgery was employed to rectify the damage, it was during this period that he felt the urge to experiment with plastic surgery; especially on his nose. In 1984, he embarked on his final tour with the group he co-founded with his brothers. (Sullivan, 2012) In 1985, Michael gave the world a different musical side, his production of ‘We are the World’ a song that America produced in order to solicit for world support and intervention for hunger that bedeviled Africa. The song not only featured him but also creme de la crà ¨me of music. He produced another album in 1987 called ‘Bad’ this album had five number one hit songs. The album did perform as well as ‘Thriller’ despite his year long tours to promote this album. Michael Jackson was a reserved and shy person when offstage. He rarely allowed media interviews; h e did not like publicity as well as being around cameras. In the 1980s, he created Neverland Ranch, a fantasy ranch where he allowed children to access and play. People thought this was Michael`s way of trying to regain his lost childhood. Rumor had it that he was bleaching his skin to look white and some went to the extent of saying he slept in a particular chamber to achieve this effect. His music continued gaining fame, he got invited to perform at a Super Bowl event in 1993; this showed the degree and recognition of his talent as a musician. Jackson surprised many when he granted Oprah Winfrey a rare interview where he dispelled rumors about change in his skin color; he said this was a result of illness. Michael Jackson found himself confronting allegations of child molestation in 1994; a thirteen year old emerged and blamed Michael of fondling him at his ranch. The police initiated investigations in to the bizarre claims, they checked the star`s ranch for any clues but were unable to confirm the allegations. The matter was settled out of court between Michael and the boy`s family. Similar claims were now on the rise but Michael insisted on his innocence. (George, 2010) Michael got married to Presley`s daughter who was called Lisa Marie in 1994. The marriage did not last, they divorced in 1996; this led to speculations that the marriage may have been a ploy to reinstate the icon to his former glory. He later married Debbie Rowe, a nurse by a profession. The couple had only two children who were sired through the process of artificial insemination. The couple filed for a divorce with Michael being awarded custody of the children. Michael`s career begun to dip following this sequence of ordeals especially on the marriage front. (Jefferson, 2007) The year 2001 saw Michael negative run in with the media, who accused him of being an attention seeker than a musical genius. His 2001 Album did well, but continuous stories of his queer behavior rocked his boa t; overshadowing his musical ability. Michael received scorn from critics when he was seen on a balcony with his son, critics thought he wanted to drop his son; others petitioned the Protective Services to take the kids away. Michael`s interview with Martin Bashir opened a stinking can of worms leading to various lawsuits. The cases attracted over a hundred and thirty witnesses who were willing to testify against him. He got acquitted of the charges in 2005; the cases brought him devastation and financial ruin. The prince of Bahrain tried to salvage him through $ 7 million he advanced Michael to save it from falling under the auctioneer`s hammer. Tabloids soon got wind that the money the prince advanced him was in exchange for a joint music undertaking under the prince`s record label; Michael defaulted on the promise. Michael now faced a lawsuit from the Prince. Michael was not able to honor the $ 23.5 million he owed as a credit facility accorded to him for the purchase of the ranc h. (Jefferson, 2007) Michael meditated for some time and decided to take a final bow from music; he wanted to tour several cities performing in fifty concerts. He later died of heart attack at his ranch. Michael was later awarded a posthumous award after his death. (George, 2010) Michael Jackson certainly changed the music landscape. He showcased great talent; he showed musicians how to make a seamless transition from the old culture to modern contemporary music. The world was shown the diversity of music; musicians who worked with him gained knowledge especially from the pop culture. He was also among the first set of musicians who brought about the introduction of videos as an accompaniment to audio recordings. (Jefferson, 2007) The arts have learned greatly from the King of Pop, he showed scholars that music can also be a tool to unify the world; music is universally accepted. Music to Michael was a voice and a medium to pass on messages. He also showed the world the reaso n for embracing philanthropy, he engaged in numerous charity events; he showed that musicians should be humane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References Sullivan, R. (2012). Untouchable: The strange life and tragic death of Michael Jackson. New York: Grove Press. George, N. (2010). Thriller: The musical life of Michael Jackson. New York: Da Capo Press. Henning, S. (2009). Michael Jackson: The book the media doesnt want you to read. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. Jefferson, M. (2007). On Michael Jackson. New York: Vintage Books.

Dealing With Corruption As A Centralized Versus...

Definition The first and foremost problem in dealing with corruption is trying to define the term. There is plenty of literature out that describes a general definition: Tilman (1970) first defined corruption as the result of the adoption of a market-pricing mechanism for government goods and services rather than a mandatory pricing model of allocation Shah (2007) broadly describes corruption as the exercise of official powers against public interest or the abuse of public office for private gains. Other authors delve deeper in their description of corruption as the illegal privatization of state property and the selling of state power by public officials. This often takes the form of creating private gain by said public officials through classic rent-seeking activities, which will be described in the next section (Vasavakul 2008; Gainsborough 2009; Bai 2013; Morris 1991; Lancaster 2001; Rock 2004; Rose-Ackerman 2000; Treisman 2000). Other scholars have attempted to take different approaches to defining corruption in terms of a centralized versus decentralized nature. Shleifer and Vishny (1993) conclude that government bureaucracies and agencies act as monopolists selling complementary government-produced goods that are legally required for private sector activity. Waller, Verdier and Gardner (2002) go further by explaining that decentralized corruption is a system in which higher-level officials collect a fixed amount of bribe income from each bureaucrat who collects aShow MoreRelatedInternational Human Resources3038 Words   |  13 Pagesdistinctive national problems nor about the ‘copying’ of HRM practices, as many of these practices suit national cultures and institutions without necessarily being transferable. Indeed, issues of concern in IHRM are those of consistency or standardization, versus customization or adaptation, within diverse social and cultural environments (Nankervis, Compton Bai rd, 2002). 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The Magic Of A Family Meal By Ellen Goodman - 1260 Words

Addressing the family and friends thematic cluster, four authors conclude the importance of personal relationships. Though varied in their theses, tones, and styles, each article stresses that individuals quality of life can be positively affected by taking time for companions and relatives. Nancy Gibbs, writer of â€Å"The Magic of a Family Meal,† beautifully illustrates the benefits of eating with loved ones often, while â€Å"The Company Man† by Ellen Goodman demonstrates the negative effects of making one’s profession a priority over one’s personal life and relationships. Marion Winik in â€Å"What Are Friends For?† details the variety and opportunities one has to make friends throughout life. Best friends can persevere through hardships and distance as written in â€Å"Friends Forever† by Barbara Hagen. Analyzing these articles substantiated that family and friends are essential to a happy life. â€Å"The Magic of a Family Meal† b y Nancy Gibbs is an enlightening article that convinces the audience that enjoying the company of family during meal time benefits all members emotionally, spiritually, and health wise. Gibbs main point states, â€Å"This [the family meal] is where the tribe comes to transmit wisdom, embed expectations, confess, conspire, forgive, repair† (209). Families gathering for meals have the unique opportunity to become closer and favorably impact one another. This thesis enhances the tone overall. The tone of this essay is construed as encouraging and positive. Gibbs’ attitude isShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary How Well Do I Respond to Turbulent Change? 578 Myth or Science? â€Å"Men Experience More Job Stress Than Women† 596 Self-Assessment Library How Stressful Is My Life? 600 An Ethical Choice Responsibly Managing Your Own Stress 601 glOBal ization! Work–Family Stress in Different Cultures 604 Point/Counterpoint Responsible Managers Relieve Stress on Their Employees 607 Questions for Review 608 Experiential Exercise Power and the Changing Environment 608 Ethical Dilemma Changes at WPAC 609 Case IncidentRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely DistortingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesproduction) were being replaced by large factories in which sophisticated machines controlled by hundreds or even thousands of unskilled or semiskilled workers made products. For example, raw cotton and wool, which in the past had been spun into yarn by families or whole villages working together, were now shipped to factories where workers operated machines that spun and wove large quantities of yarn into cloth. Owners and managers of the new factories found themselves unprepared for the challenges accompanyingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinitially presented below. Here we will use one fairly common way of defining organizations to illustrate how problematic this whole process is. In order to conceptually differentiate organizations from other forms of social institution, such as the family, theorists have traditionally centred their definitions on the issue of ‘goals’. For instance, more than 45 years ago, Talcott Parsons (1960), a highly influential social scientist, argued that: As a formal analytical point of reference, primacy of

Relations As A Crisis Management Function â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relations As A Crisis Management Function? Answer: Introduction United Airlines is one of the largest and oldest airlines in the world. It operates over four thousand flights everyday carrying passengers across five continents (Wahba, 2017). It boasts of having the most comprehensive network of routes with an estimated annual carrying capacity of one hundred and fifty million covering more than three hundred airports in the world. It maintains a large fleet of aircraft numbering in excess of seven hundred. United Airline is a founding member of Star Alliance providing service to 28 member airlines (Wahba, 2017). On October 1, 2010 the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the name and symbol UAL following internal restructuring. Background United Airlines was founded in 1916 trading under the name Boeing Airline Company (Heppenheimer, 1995). The company embarked on an ambitious strategy of acquisitions, mergers and amalgamation of other aviation-based companies. The company initially specially operated mail-only services. It was not until March 1931 that the company acquired United Air Lines, Inc. launching commercial airline services. It is by dint of this acquisition that United Airlines lay claim to being the first passenger flight company in the USA. The company focused flight routes between member states in the USA, following a path successfully trodden by the mail service branch. In 1933, the company acquired a Boeing 247(Heppenheimer, 1995). It was a revolutionary introduction in the flight industry. For the first time in the history of commercial flights, passengers were able to fly directly across the USA without the necessity of making an overnight stop. It was faster than any previous model. However, it was not all-smooth sailing. On October 10, 1933, Boeing 247 suffered mid-air explosion and crashed in Indiana, killing all seven people aboard. Successful investigation revealed detonation of a bomb concealed in the luggage section of the plane (Heppenheimer, 1995). This marked a first in targeted air sabotage. By 1940, United Airlines had acquired fifty aircrafts on its fleet. Their planes would eventually be modified to offer support to the armed forces of the USA during World War II. As technology in aviation advanced, the company cashed in renewed demand for air services. As opportunities grew so were the dangers. On November 1, 1955, United Airlines suffered another bombing killing all forty-four people aboard. Unlike the previous bomb, this time the culprit was apprehended (Heppenheimer, 1995). The company suffered a series of deadly accidents in the late 50s losing three planes in three different mid-air collisions. This helped to develop the current Air Traffic Control. On June 1, 1961, the company merged with Capital Airlines to become the second largest airline in the world only surpassed by the Aeroflot based in the Soviet Union. This marked another stint in an aggressive expansion of the company characterized by acquisitions and modernization of its fleet. On 23 December, 1973 the company would cement it goodwill among the public by registering another first (Heppenheimer, 1995). Flight DC-10 was the first civil flight to carry a seating president of the USA. The company has maintained positive high ranking in the perception index amongst the public. Federal Investigations In September 2015, the company parted with its chief executive officer and two other executives following investigations by the federal authority. The company was suspected to have entered into a quid pro quo agreement with the then chairperson of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (Boon, 2016). The port authority in return was asked to effect some improvements to Newark Liberty International Airport. The airline chief executive officer eventually pleaded guilty and duly resigned, costing the company 14% of its stock market value. Oscar Munoz was appointed to steady the company following the departure of its former leader (Boin, 2016). Mr. Munoz has steered the company into a major turnaround. In spite of initial concerns about his health, he managed to broker contract extension between the airline and flight attendant union that had hit an impasse for over a year. The company also gained twenty seven percent on stock capitalization during the year 2016. Forcible ejection of Dr. David Dao However, the company damaged its relatively good image following an altercation on flight 3411 on 9 April 2017. On the material day, security officers were called in to eject one passenger. The flight had been overbooked and the crew requested four of the passengers to a light (Lammers, 2017). None was willing. It was at this point that security was called to forcefully eject one Dr. David Dao off United Express Flight 3411, schedule to depart for Louisville. Dr. Dao had maintained that he could not cancel his considering he had to attend to patients back in Kentucky. The security detail proceeded to drag Dr. Dao on the floor of the plane toward the exit much to the consternation of fellow passengers. The wailing doctor later claimed to the media that he was targeted on the basis of his race. He is of Asian origin. He was later hospitalized as a result of the rough treatment meted upon him by the security personnel (Lammers, 2017). The whole episode was recorded by passengers on boar d using their telephone. By the time the flight was landing in Louisville, the video footage of the incident was already trending social media. It was quickly picked by the mainstream media. Response by the company The first official response to the episode came via the CEO, Mr. Oscar Munoz apologizing for having to re-accommodate passengers. It made no mention of the injuries suffered by Dr. Dao. The online response to Mr. Munoz was fast and furious. The reigning U.S Communicator of the year had turned his companys poor customer care incident into a PR disaster (Lammers, 2017). The ramifications spread into the stock market, crashing the nominal value of United Airlines by an estimated one billion dollars. An isolated incident had turned into a global disaster fuelled by the power of the social media. The response of the company had amplified the problem. A proper response would have been to offer quick and unreserved apology to Dr. Dao acknowledging the bodily injuries sustained during the scuffle (Lammers, 2017).Days later, an e-mail by the CEO meant for internal consumption was leaked to the media commending the actions of the employees and how they responded to the incident. It went ahead to malign Dr. Dao as being disruptive and belligerent. He noted how the employees had followed laid down procedures to handle such cases. Public outrage The public backlash toward the airline was taken a notch higher. The absolute lack of basic empathy by the company was unacceptable. The chief executive officer had been hired to fix a public relation crisis occasioned by his predecessor (Lammers, 2017). One year down the line, he had created his own public relations disaster. A few days later Mr. Munoz was forced to apologize to Dr. Dao for forcible ejection from the plane describing the incident more appropriately as horrific. He reiterated his commitment to make things better and duly took the responsibility. By this time, the airline was in public perception crisis, social media awash with memes ridiculing the company (Lammers, 2017). The chief executive officer should have moved with speed to offer apology and contain the damage caused by the viral video. The power of social media The importance and power of the social media cannot be overemphasized. It had propelled an isolated incident into a global public relations disaster. Companies can no longer get away with such bad incidents are long gone (Lammers, 2017). The smartphone and the digital technology have the power to spread such occurrence to a global outreach. Once the video was posted online, the video assumed some element of permanence; it could no longer be removed from the media. United Airlines had lost control over it. This calls on the need for companies to develop appropriate policy regarding interaction with the public via the social media. Effect on key Asian markets Dr. Daos case attracted a lot of interest in China, a hugely promising target market for company growth. His assertion that he was mistreated because of his Asian decent is likely to have adverse effect on the airline as the target market must have watched the unflattering video (An, 2010). Increased spotlight A month after the video surfaced, another negative incident was reported. A giant rabbit on board united airline bound for Chicago died mid-flight. Ordinarily such an n issue would not attract much public interest (Lammers, 2017). However, the previous treatment of Dr. Dao had broken its previously good image and any bad incident was bound to be told to the world. How to respond It is important to respond quickly to customer related incidents. This entails seeking the aggrieved person and offering an apology before reports of the incident spreads (Lammers, 2017). This was a critical failure on the part of Mr. Munoz. It is also important that all underlying facts are established before going to the media. Once every detail of the incident is established, it becomes easy to design the right response not only to the aggrieved persons but also to the media (Lammers, 2017). When sharing such information with the media it is important that you be transparent. You should be ready to own your response, admitting mistakes if they happen and taking necessary action to avoid such mistakes happening again. We live in an era of cell phones that produce videos and capture moments instantly. The incident bedeviling the united airline is simply a snippet. It captures the worst part of a long incident. That is the modern age. A more tactical approach such as offering compensation to any passenger who volunteers to cancel his booking would have said the day (An, 2010). That should have been the first line of public relations. When the ugly incident happened, timely apology should have pacified emotions. It did not come early enough and when it did, United Airline did not address the root cause. Transparency was seen lacking. It marked a chain of poor public relation exercises that hit the good name of the airline costing it current and potential earnings. A competently assembled public relations team would have addressed and managed the crisis before it gained global notoriety. It needed a simple sign of empathy and care on the part of the company. United airlines should be guided by the following principles when developing future policy to guide in public relations (Wamba, 2017). It represents internationally recognized maxims that must guide the thought process of formulating the companys PR exercise: Transparency The public relations personnel should always practice honesty. United Airlines should never have attempted to mislead the public by releasing wrong information lacking in facts (Fall, 2004). Lies have the tendency to unravel and when they do the potential, fallout would be worse than the issues the company had tried to conceal. The information being disseminated to the public should attempt to portray the company as positively as possible. However, the underlying principle is keeping as much to the truth as possible. Contact with the public Any form of press release emanating from the company should be accompanied with the name of contact persons, telephone numbers and both the mail and e-mail address (Fall, 2004). The public should have communication channels made open with the company, and also to give a chance to media to make follow ups should the story be of interest to them Target consumers of information The mode of dissemination of information will be based on the target audience. With the widespread social media platforms, a large audience can easily be reached (Fall, 2004). The video showing Dr. Dao being forcibly removed from the plane reached global audience mainly because of social media. In addressing the fallout, the management of United airline should make every effort to reach as much audience as the damaging video. Photographic communication Visual images have the power to shed emphasis on whatever subject that may be under discussion (Fall, 2004). The unfortunate incident involving Dr. Dao gained traction with the public mainly because it was in form of a video. The footage of the scuffle in which the security team could be seen roughing up the passenger had a powerful effect on the emotions of the public. At that juncture it did not matter whether the employees of the United airlines followed the laid down procedures, the video showing a bloodied Mr. Dao being dragged out of the plane served as a powerful tool in emphasizing the folly of longstanding poor customer care practices of the company. In the same breath, any response to the mistreatment should attempt to whip up the emotions of the public as much as possible. The purpose is to paint the company to be as caring and full of empathy as possible. Media outreach Good media relations certainly are very important. Journalists have the power to advance the image of the company in either way. Warm ties will likely give the company opportunities for interviews opening up channels to advance your strategies to the general public (Fall, 2004). A poor relationship with the media is likely to expose the company to unwarranted negative reporting in the public. It is in the best interest of every public relations professional to have a journalist as an ally and not a foe. Public relations tools The PR department of the company must understand the wide range of tools available to them choosing, the most appropriate depending on cost and the target audience. This includes seminars, personal interviews, direct mail, speeches and web broadcast. Timely Response Most press releases from public relations officers are planned well in advance. It may have been arranged to showcase launch of a new product or unveiling new office holders. However PR personnel must be prepared to release timely media report should a scandal breakout. Timely response will serve to calm down an agitated public (Fall, 2004). In the case of Mr. Dao, the company took too long to come out and issue an apology. When it eventually responded, it failed to understand the extent of damage caused by the video. United Airline must be prepared to face the public in the right way when an emergence need arises. Staying active and available Public relations professionals should always be available either in person or through contacts where they can clarify issues regarding the company before distorted information is published in the media (Fall, 2004). Remaining available on call is critical to public relations. In the same breath, United Airlines should not wait for the big moments to come out and meet the public through media. They must stay active throughout, engaging the public through other channels such the social media and seminars. Check your facts Before coming out to the public through the media, it was important that United Airlines public relations team gathered all facts relating to Dr. Daos incident. Although a timely response is important, it would defeat logic to rush to defend the company before checking your facts (Fall, 2004). Any information released to the public that eventually proves false is likely to hurt the airline in the long run. References An, S. K., Cheng, I. H. (2010). Crisis Communication Research in Public Relations Journals: Tracking.The handbook of crisis communication,65. Boin, A., Stern, E., Sundelius, B. (2016).The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge University Press. Fall, L. T. (2004). The increasing role of public relations as a crisis management function: An empirical examination of communication restrategising efforts among destination organisation managers in the wake of 11th September, 2001.Journal of Vacation Marketing,10(3), 238-252. Heppenheimer, T. A., Heppenheimer, T. (1995).Turbulent skies: the history of commercial aviation. New York: J. Wiley Sons. Lammers, J. C. (2017). Search form.Crisis. Seldin, M., Johnson, L. (2017). How United Airlines Analytics and Algorithms Can Help to Save American Democracy.World Journal of Social Science,4(2), 52. Wahba, G. (2017). Measuring the effect of Viral Negative Sentiment on Market Value: Case Study on United Airlines Crisis 2017